Policy Measures | Policy Measures

Voluntary Carbon Standards

A 2010 report by the World Bank (2010) valued the global carbon market at $143 billion in 2009. Within the…

On the 24th of December 2010 the Beijing municipal government introduced a new lottery system for the allocation of car…

Climate change is the headline environmental issue of our day. The policy responses take a variety of forms both voluntary…

Buses are one of the most cost-effective forms of public transport and play an integral role in the public transport…

Sulphur is naturally present in small quantities in liquid and solid fuels. However, since the introduction of the Directive relating…

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NOX) emission reduction technique used in petrol and diesel internal combustion engines.…

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is a means of converting nitrogen oxides (NOX) with the aid of a catalyst into nitrogen…

A catalytic converter is a technology employed to reduce end-of-pipe emissions from the internal combustion engine. The converter functions by…

European emission standards for road vehicles are set in order to define the acceptable levels of exhaust emissions for new…

Although there are no technical mobile abatement options for CO2 emissions, there are efficiency standards for CO2. European legislation is…